The Glaciers

 Glacier: Essay on Glacier |  Glaciers: Essay on Glaciers |  english |  Geography

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 Glacier: Essay on Glacier |  Glaciers: Essay on Glaciers in Hindi language!

 The line of mountainous and polar regions on which the snow cover remains throughout the year and the snow never completely melts is called the snow line.  Changes are also seen in the Himalayas as per the seasons.

 As the equator moves from the equator to the poles, the elevation of the snowline decreases gradually and in the polar regions it is often found to be equal to the sea level.  The altitude of the Himalayas is 6,000 meters at the equator while at the Himalayas it is 5,500 meters.

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 Himani or glacier is a river of slow flowing snow or ice.  The glaciers formed in the high mountains are long and tight, as they are formed in the valley of any earlier river.  These are called Valley Glacier.  The largest of the Indian glaciers is the Siachen glacier located in the Karakoram range, which is 72 km.  Is long

 When the iceberg spreads over the surrounding lowlands, it is called continental glaciation.  The snow-capped high mountain peaks from which the glacier originates is called the Ice Cap.  The ice cliffs on the plateau are called ice sheets while the ice blocks floating in the water are called icebergs.

 Transformation of ground relief by glaciers or glaciers is mainly accomplished in two forms - generation and abrasion.

 The topography created by Himani is the following:

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 i.  'U' Shaped Valley:

 Perpendicular erosion of glaciers in the already existing river valley on the mountains creates a 'U' shaped valley.

 ii.  Hanging Valley:

 When a tributary glacier meets a main glacier, the valley of the tributary glacier appears to be hanging over the main glacial valley, known as the hanging valley.

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 iii.  Snow cavity or Cirque:

 When glaciers are removed from a mountainous part, there is a shape like a lumbar, which is called cirque.

 iv.  Arete:

 Due to the development of cirque on both sides of a mountain, the middle part becomes indistinct and spiked, which is called erit.

 v.  Giri horn or horn:

 When circles are formed on all four sides of a mountain, the middle pointed head is called a horn.  The 'Matterhorn' of Switzerland is world famous.

 vi.  Nunatak:

 Despite the snow cover in a mountainous region, the high ridges of the rocks are called Nunataka.

 vii.  Roche Moutonne:

 When a large rocky figure comes in the way of Himani as a blocker, Himani starts flowing over it and due to the abrasion while climbing it makes it dim and smooth;  But the opposite direction gradient, on which the glacier descends, shatters into a more intense, bumpy, bumpy gradient.  Such rock dunes look like a sheep's back when viewed from a distance.  Therefore, they are called sheep sheep.

 viii.  Moraines:

 Deposits of materials transported and transported by Himanias are called snowflakes.  This usually happens at the same places where glaciers melt and turn into water.

 ix.  Drumlins:

 The topography made of Himanshiyar molasses is formed in the form of domed mounds on a small scale, called the drumlin.  Its shape is similar to an inverted yacht.

 x.  Outwash Plain:

 Due to the flow of ice water formed after melting of glaciers, the iceberg becomes very large like a sheet.  These plains are called descent grounds.  The crooked curved bricks of the rock formations formed by the currents in this plain are called Esker.  Chem, kettle and hummock precipitates are the other major site forms of the grounds.

 Intro Glacier:

 This occurs through superficial glaciation in polar and sub-polar regions.  In these, actions such as frost-weathering, congestion (solution) and soil ablation are seen.  Pingo, Palsa, Thermocast, Hammak (Girika), Tushar Cliff, Tushar Polygon and Injunction are the major landmarks built by it.  Peltier has rendered the circulatory cycle.

 Wind

 Wind is the most powerful means of erosion in dry and semi-arid deserts, as rainfall is nominal here and soil particles remain loose due to lack of humidity and vegetation.  Here wind is greatly helped by mechanical weathering.

 At high altitude, erosion by wind is less and more near the ground floor, because sand particles do not rise very high.  Its non-erosive function is mainly physical, which is done in the form of abrasion, dredging and abrasion.

 The topography created by Pawan is as follows:

 i.  Blow Out:

 Small troughs are formed by the wind upwelling work of blowing sand lying on the ground in semi-arid desert areas, which progressively increase in size.  These troughs are called vata troughs.

 ii.  Mushroom Rock or Gara:

 It is a topography made by the abrasion of the wind, which looks like a mushroom.  Such a shape is formed due to more erosion in the lower parts of the rocks.

 iii.  Zeugen:

 It is a claim-like shape, which is formed where layers of soft and hard rocks are in a horizontal state.  The erosion of the soft rocks starts due to dew filling in the cracks of the rock and the low temperature at night.  The hard rock part looks like a hat.  These are called Jugen.

 iv.  Yardang:

 When the layers of hard and soft rocks are in the direction of the flow of wind, soft rocks tend to cut more than hard rocks and there are small pits.  This is called Yardang.

 v.  Domed Knoll or Inselburg:

 When the rocky part is cut and leveled due to the wind erosion, and it emerges as hard rock mounds, they are named Inselberg.

 vi.  Dreikanter:

 Due to the injury of sandy air on the hard rock pieces lying on the ground, their shape gets slashed and smooth.  These triangular pieces are called dry conductors.

 vii.  Stone Lattice:

 When a rock with diverse structure is present in the path of fast moving wind, its soft parts are cut off and the wind starts flowing through it, which makes it look like a rock lattice.

 viii.  Sand Dunes:

 The mounds which are formed by the deposition of materials like sand brought by the wind, are called Baluka Stupas.  They move or move in the direction of the wind.

 The 'Barkhan' is a crescent-shaped sand dune, with a pointed horn-like shape on both ends.  Lunet, Whale back stupas, Tara stupas, Sif etc. are also different types of sand stupas.

 ix.  Loess:

 Loess is the large deposition of fine sandstones brought by the wind outside the desert areas.  Its soil becomes extremely fertile after getting water.  Loess soil is found in the northern plain of China, which has been brought from the Gobi Desert.  Its color is yellow due to oxidation.

 x.  Pediment:

 Pedestal is a plain with an undulating sand surface common in desert regions of the foot hill regions found in a mountain, plateau or inselberg.

 xi.  Playa:

 The inundated rivers of the desert form temporary lakes after rain, which are called Playa.  The saltwater playa is called 'Salinas'.

 xii.  Bajada or Bahada (Bajada):

 It is formed by mixing of alluvial feathers under the pediment and on the edges of the playa.