About sun

 Many elements have an important role in maintaining life on earth.  But the basis of all these elements is energy and the main source of most of the energy on Earth is the Sun.  The Sun is a huge gaseous body.  The temperature of the Sun is very high, so no substance is in solid or liquid state.  The plasma state of the substance is present here.  On June 21, 2020, our Sun will be completely covered by the Moon and a wonderful view can be seen at that time.  All civilizations have been curious about this phenomenon since time immemorial.  Fear and many myths have also been prevalent in the public about the occurrence of complete solar eclipse.  An attempt is being made to tell about the Sun through this article.

Sun

 

 At the time of complete solar eclipse, a blurred aura appears around the sun.  This is called solar system or solar atmosphere (solar corona).  The diameter of the Sun is about 14,00,000 kilometers.  The temperature of the central part of the Sun is 15 × 10 ″ 6 Kelvin.  However, the surface temperature of the Sun is relatively low (around 6,000 Kelvin).  The density of the central part of the Sun is 150 grams per cubic cm.  it happens.  This means that its weight on earth is about 150 times more than that of water.  This is due to the excessive gravitational pressure of the Sun.  For this reason, the pressure, heat and density of the central part of the sun increases greatly.  The mass of the Sun is about 3 lakh 53 thousand times more than that of the Earth.  The mass of the Sun is estimated at 2 × 10 ″ 30 kg.  The sun is so big that 109 more earth-like bodies will be needed to cover it.

 soory dravymaan

 

 Being a gaseous sphere, the Sun makes an orbit on its axis in 25 days because the Sun is a gas ball rather than a solid body, so its various parts rotate at different speeds.  Its rotation period at the equator is 25 days.  This period progressively increases as we move towards the polar region.  This period is 31 days at the poles.  The rotation of the Sun tilts about 83 degrees along the plane of the revolution.  Therefore, this axis makes an angle of about 7 degrees with the plane of the ecliptic.

 Structure of the sun

 The Sun is a gaseous body.  Therefore its structure is different from Earth.  There is no solid surface in the sun.  The Sun has concentric spherical shells or layers.  The composition of the Sun is mainly understood as three layers.  Each layer has specific types of physical processes going on.  Although the inner core of the Sun, the core or nuclear furnace reacts in the center.  The amount of hydrogen in the sun is about 94 percent by mass and helium is 6 percent.  Hydrogen molecules are converted into helium nuclei by the processes running in the core, the rate of which is 60 million tons per second.  The energy generated as a result of this nuclear process comes in the form of photons of electromagnetic energy in the radiative region upstream after the center.  After that comes the vascular region, then the lighthouse, chromatogram and transition zone are located respectively.  In the outermost region of the Sun, the corona is located.  However, the center of the Sun is the source of energy for all other regions.  The energy from the nuclear furnace ignited in the center is transmitted one after the other through the radiation and convection process in the outer layers.  The temperature at the center of the Sun is 15 × 10 ″ 6 Kelvin and the temperature decreases as it moves outward.  The decrease in temperature continues till the arrival of the chromosome.  The temperature in the chromosphere decreases to 4 × 10 ″ 3 Kelvin.  Energy is transmitted through the convection process instead of radiation to those areas in which the temperature is reduced to less than 2 × 10 ″ 6 Kelvin.  In these areas, convection becomes the effective means of propagation of energy instead of radiation.  The radiation field and the convection zone can be differentiated only on the basis of energy propagation.  The innermost layer of the Sun that can be seen by the naked eye is the light system, which is brighter than the barely visible atmosphere of the Sun.  Usually, we estimate the size of the Sun only by looking at the sunlight through naked eyes.  Just outside the Sun's light system is its atmospheric layer.  Due to the intensity of the light system, the visible rays emitted from the chromosphere appear black when viewed without specific filters and the moon covers the sun's atmosphere during the perfection of the solar eclipse.  However, just before the state of perfection of the solar eclipse, the varna system can also be seen with naked eyes.  At that time it appears in momentary glow of red color.  The wavelength of this red light is 656 nanometers.  The emission of this red light is due to a change in the atomic structure of hydrogen.

 

 

 Probably the most unique feature of the Sun's outer atmosphere is the bumpy fluctuation of its temperature.  As the distance from the center increases, the gradual drop in temperature does not come to the sun's chromosphere.  Till the chromosphere, the temperature gradually declines but in the transition zone it increases rapidly again.  Therefore, this area is called the transition zone due to sudden increase in temperature.

 Chemical composition of the sun

 Hydrogen and helium are the two main contributors to the chemical composition of the sun.  However, these two are the lightest elements in the periodic table.  There is a multiplicity of oxygen and carbon in the Sun in decreasing order.  Apart from these, the contribution of other elements in the chemical composition of the Sun in terms of weight is less than about one percent.  An interesting thing about the chemical composition of the Sun is that the presence of helium on the Sun was first discovered, it was discovered later on Earth.  Helium was discovered on the Sun in 1868, while Helium was discovered on Earth in 1895.

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 Renewable energy reserves - solar energy

 Life on earth is possible only because of energy.  The renewable source of energy on Earth is the Sun.  The sun has been shining for about five billion years and it will continue to shine for five billion years.  The reason for the energy of the Sun is its continuous fusion reaction.  Due to the presence of a huge amount of money in the Sun, its gravitational pull increases greatly resulting in excessive pressure on the center of the Sun.  This pressure can be balanced only when the temperature of the central part of the Sun is very high.  At very high temperatures, hydrogen nuclei start converting into helium nuclei.  This process is called thermo-nuclear reaction.  In this reaction, four nuclei of hydrogen combine together to form a helium.  In this process immense energy is released.  Due to the fusion reaction in the center of the Sun, 42.50 lakh tonnes of hydrogen per second is converted into helium.  Similar to the Sun, energy is also produced in other stars through this process.

 The reserves of hydrogen present in the sun are getting reduced every moment.  When this store is exhausted, then the sun will not be able to supply energy like today.  When the supply of hydrogen is exhausted, it will thrive.  At that time, the size of the Sun will increase by two and a half hundred times the size of today and during this process the Sun will then swallow Mercury, Venus, and Earth planets.  After that it will start shrinking.  At that time, the helium atoms in the sun will start turning into heavy atoms, which will also produce energy.  In that case, the Sun will eventually become so small that all its material amount will not occupy more space than the Earth and finally after some time the Sun will stop shining and become a white star.  Then after many years the white Vamana star will stop shining and finally the Sun will turn into a dead Shyam Vamana i.e. Black Dwarf body.  The Sun has existed for about five billion years and will continue to exist for the next ten billion years.

 Looking at the sun

 Due to excessive brightness or brilliance, it can be dangerous to see the sun with naked eyes, so the sun should not be seen with naked eyes.  Apart from this, one should not look at the Sun with any telescope as it is prone to damage to the eyes.  The sun can be seen using special types of filters under the guidance of an experienced astronomer.